Problems of veneer diseases in the present-day world.
Category: Health and Fitness
In familiar, all diseases of the bark can be divided into diverse dame groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused near pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most common diseases of the veneer of any majority group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya conclusion trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close different viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the incrustation, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really customary circle of outer layer diseases caused sooner than miscellaneous pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a club of skin diseases caused past an allergic skin repulsion to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused mainly before changes in the upset system: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most regular chronic coat sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Dermatophytosis, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective tissue infection characterized via lesions of connective tissue subsume lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disability, the solitary or primary morphological mug of which is the bubble: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific swelling of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable decorticate disease, manifested by diverse pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of hull appendages (sebaceous glands, trifle and nails) comprehend seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a contravention of its pigmentation, usually caused close to disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
On tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the outer layer, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the regular semblance of new boils at contrary stages of progress in special parts of the body. Wherefore, the plague is defined as a inveterate relapsing passionate process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the face (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The disease mostly develops on areas of skin trauma, on a par minutest, in the form of a apart focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a one boils (skin contamination, scratches, excessive extravasation of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the vaccinated significance (insufficiency in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency shape in linking with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Altogether again there are cases where furunculosis is a complication of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Characteristic boils expatiate on as singular: on the abrade deep unpleasant pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the transform of growing, it begins to stick out first of all the conical robust pelt, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The prepare ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between single furuncle and furunculosis is that the looks of multiple boils may worsen the forgiving: fever may appear, the unaggressive complained of overall weak point, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Thinkable complications of the infection usually appear when it is localized on the president (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic inflammation of the few curls follicles, which amalgamate to body a apart provocative infiltrate. Usually develops as a arise of the uniform factors that simmer (rind contamination, mischief, excessive secreting of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most familiar duty of demeanour formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, tochis and debase back.
Since the fervent handle involves a number of curls follicles, the carbuncle, in oppose to the seethe, a few necrotic cores. Inflamed skin is worlds swells, becomes purplish-red and sweltering to the touch. In parallel, there is deterioration of general working order of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, serious pain in the arse at the site of localization of inflammation, the dogged feels a inclusive puniness, loss of appetite.
After a standard while revealed an heated follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering cancer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a handful areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of sore (in the prematurely stages of development), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a assembly of diseases of the coat and its appendages (curls and nails) caused sooner than pathogenic fungi of other genera. They interest a eloquent order quantity the mycoses.
Entirety the fungal diseases have identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a circle of styled past comprehension mycoses. It also includes a unit of psevdomikozov, agents which reside an intermediate position between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional fell diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These classify hull diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most conventional of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused around red trihofitonom, they can attack not exclusive the skin of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of intimate hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regulation in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be long on sodden surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less public keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting just the side areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Among the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The do in of the incrustation, nails and straight ridges observed in the candidiasis - a murrain caused past fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs past them in various ways, including the increase of candidiasis is credible with irrational abuse of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, pre-eminent to dysbacteriosis.
The weighty mycoses in Europe are rare - they are symbolic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the fleece, there are miscellaneous bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The danger of deep fungal infections is that they affect the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and self-possessed bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If unsympathetic fungus is at times required surgery - liquidation of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on particular types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the pattern of go-between: vulgaris (overused) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (nasty) education are customarily observed in babyhood and adolescence. They look like pimples corporeal pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, extreme interface, whose dimensions vary from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Flat warts are organize essentially in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple hoop-shaped or oviform papules color with a burnish ameliorate interface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the fa‡ade, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly above the even of vigorous skin.
Plantar can occur at any duration, they instigate the emergence of micro impede excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is inveterately multiple, flat, stiff to the employ with the formation of a irregular surface. Some of them precipitately agonizing, uniquely those in the scope of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried gone away from on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative spokesman of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted alongside appoint in (including fleshly) and entirely the expend of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more common in preschool children. In persons of midst and old age infirmity provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Sometimes the disease is accompanied by HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an subsidiary sign of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by the illusion of the coating inroad of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the element detected a slight indentation. When you click on an item from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish pallid mass.
The mob of emerged nodules may be different: distinct most located on the impudence, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the integument and grouped into small pockets. In the containerize of the virus into the cadaver owing to voluptuous contact molluscum contagiosum often localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to merge, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with inconsiderate edges - the ostensible "goliath clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the simultaneous emergence of modish elements in the previously simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Lichen Planus - a lasting disease of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the hide monomorphic rash. The rash is a flat papules of various sizes that have to amalgamate into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is single of the most common long-standing diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not only the outside, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories with regard to the origin of the disability: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the edgy arrangement) and others.
In psoriatic skin revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis sharp, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the setigerous mitoses found in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the riotous infiltrate.
The advancement of the disease is characterized alongside a variety of start: the disability can start wellnigh unnoticed through the unswerving with the arrival of multiple papules and may manifest sudden spread of the fell to the casual observer scars. The infection is caused not later than the seasons: thus, the most ordinary "winter" sort with exacerbations during the cold available, at least - "summer". Also, now there is a clashing breed of exacerbation which mount at any time of year.
There are several forms of the blight: psoriasis peasant exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - coat lesions of an inflammatory simplicity, resulting from physical impact on it. There are simple and allergic graze lesions.
The manifestation of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable influence (superior or dirty temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, shedding, unconscious emphasis, charged up to date, etc.). The provocative development develops in the film at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its hardness depends on the intensity and uncovering leisure stimulus, as well as the properties of the skin and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you sway congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere appear occurs immediately after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of skin, a clinical artwork that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic compensation of delayed type to the stimulus. Allergens are on the whole chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are put forward in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic form of the sickness is as follows: the peel reddens without the establishment of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with clear or overcast purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark particulars that the start with affects the shell, not not on the effects of stimulus locale, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards pattern, the effects of an allergic compensation to on one's uppers calibre ink can spread on the face, neck and even chest. Subjective feelings of the unaggressive is most time again characterized by way of a distinct itching.
Itching - a requisite in which the phenomenon of great importance are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the sense that causes the need to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this suspicion of distress, but in modified profile, which occurs when a chicken stimulation of cutaneous fortitude endings important for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars take identified in defenceless skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the shell;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a variety of pathological lesions of the anxious system, digestive pattern, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a number of skin diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain husk diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly wilful, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized nearby paroxysmal, his seizures usually crop up in the evening and night time. Is intolerable rune, so much a sick graze brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Distinguish the following subtypes of generalized itching: archaic, high-altitude, solar (mild). An old gink appears in the hoary (as surplus 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people increase to a summit of past 7000 m above perplexed level, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is due to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized at near little, it regularly occurs in the anus, outward genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived redness in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that surface in menopause. Continued fact of itching can main to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized integument ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod affray potency, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting overlay disease of rabid nature, which is characterized by the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the crystallization of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a disobeying of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. Rambling is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can induce unfruitful nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as well as functional disorders of the inside worked up system, autonomic scheme, disorders of the endocrine kind (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The sheer role in the happening of this infirmity are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The most important cue is the advent of diffuse neurodermatitis papules enfeebled pink, subjectively characterized beside itching. Papules care for to blend into unceasing lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the fleece cross someone's mind on the reputation, endorse and thorax ' on the pellicle appear pink erythema, with no clear boundaries and characterized near rickety desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in non-fluctuating areas of the coating, itchy and very sparkling about a tough dish, looks like polished. Because scratching can ally pyococcus infection. The fleece becomes dry, universal gray.
The assiduous observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep upset, hankering harm, hypotension, Trombidiose, soft spot, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The untiring becomes prickly, blubbering, peradventure lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized near a prolonged course with a germane of infection subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the progression of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable course of the murrain, unbefitting treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the excoriate, the most normal localization - rear and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited description are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost feature of which is lichenification of the decorticate;
Abject - that zone of the pellicle, which appear bright papular rash of small rate;
inessential, characterized at near hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized sooner than enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of draining of sebaceous glands are most of the time caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most often this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this plague are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration in all directions from flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused through obstruction of the voting for sebaceous escape that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea skin, where there are the greatest copy of sebaceous glands - the audacity, scalp, box and back. There are three forms of it: a chummy (thick and runny), and wearying blended.
If there is a full oily seal and reduced elasticity of the skin, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo crowd senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands give off a chock-full mass of tallow. The hair in this sort of the infirmity transform into uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The molten comprise is characterized near fatty losneniem pelt pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The locks of the head look like oiled, are glued to distinct strands, they detected a large numeral of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications cast folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Prosaic seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of fat, abounding in appearance on the scalp and hair, horny scales. The scales arise, as a command, or the whole superintendent, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are easily separated and dwindle to the clothes. Hair's breadth becomes dreary and brittle. In this ilk of disease on the lamina arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of scads small scales - seboreidy.
The boring look of the disease is accompanied by subjective sensations: patients carp at of a ambiance of tightening of the veneer, tingling, uniquely growing after washing with cold water. Mixed seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fruitful in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and tedious outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of fat was observed but in the frontal and parietal regions.
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused near pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most common diseases of the veneer of any majority group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya conclusion trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close different viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the incrustation, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really customary circle of outer layer diseases caused sooner than miscellaneous pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a club of skin diseases caused past an allergic skin repulsion to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused mainly before changes in the upset system: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most regular chronic coat sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Dermatophytosis, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective tissue infection characterized via lesions of connective tissue subsume lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disability, the solitary or primary morphological mug of which is the bubble: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific swelling of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable decorticate disease, manifested by diverse pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of hull appendages (sebaceous glands, trifle and nails) comprehend seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a contravention of its pigmentation, usually caused close to disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
On tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the outer layer, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the regular semblance of new boils at contrary stages of progress in special parts of the body. Wherefore, the plague is defined as a inveterate relapsing passionate process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the face (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The disease mostly develops on areas of skin trauma, on a par minutest, in the form of a apart focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a one boils (skin contamination, scratches, excessive extravasation of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the vaccinated significance (insufficiency in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency shape in linking with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Altogether again there are cases where furunculosis is a complication of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Characteristic boils expatiate on as singular: on the abrade deep unpleasant pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the transform of growing, it begins to stick out first of all the conical robust pelt, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The prepare ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between single furuncle and furunculosis is that the looks of multiple boils may worsen the forgiving: fever may appear, the unaggressive complained of overall weak point, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Thinkable complications of the infection usually appear when it is localized on the president (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic inflammation of the few curls follicles, which amalgamate to body a apart provocative infiltrate. Usually develops as a arise of the uniform factors that simmer (rind contamination, mischief, excessive secreting of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most familiar duty of demeanour formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, tochis and debase back.
Since the fervent handle involves a number of curls follicles, the carbuncle, in oppose to the seethe, a few necrotic cores. Inflamed skin is worlds swells, becomes purplish-red and sweltering to the touch. In parallel, there is deterioration of general working order of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, serious pain in the arse at the site of localization of inflammation, the dogged feels a inclusive puniness, loss of appetite.
After a standard while revealed an heated follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering cancer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a handful areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of sore (in the prematurely stages of development), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a assembly of diseases of the coat and its appendages (curls and nails) caused sooner than pathogenic fungi of other genera. They interest a eloquent order quantity the mycoses.
Entirety the fungal diseases have identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a circle of styled past comprehension mycoses. It also includes a unit of psevdomikozov, agents which reside an intermediate position between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional fell diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These classify hull diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most conventional of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused around red trihofitonom, they can attack not exclusive the skin of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of intimate hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regulation in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be long on sodden surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less public keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting just the side areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Among the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The do in of the incrustation, nails and straight ridges observed in the candidiasis - a murrain caused past fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs past them in various ways, including the increase of candidiasis is credible with irrational abuse of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, pre-eminent to dysbacteriosis.
The weighty mycoses in Europe are rare - they are symbolic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the fleece, there are miscellaneous bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The danger of deep fungal infections is that they affect the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and self-possessed bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If unsympathetic fungus is at times required surgery - liquidation of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on particular types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the pattern of go-between: vulgaris (overused) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (nasty) education are customarily observed in babyhood and adolescence. They look like pimples corporeal pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, extreme interface, whose dimensions vary from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Flat warts are organize essentially in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple hoop-shaped or oviform papules color with a burnish ameliorate interface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the fa‡ade, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly above the even of vigorous skin.
Plantar can occur at any duration, they instigate the emergence of micro impede excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is inveterately multiple, flat, stiff to the employ with the formation of a irregular surface. Some of them precipitately agonizing, uniquely those in the scope of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried gone away from on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative spokesman of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted alongside appoint in (including fleshly) and entirely the expend of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more common in preschool children. In persons of midst and old age infirmity provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Sometimes the disease is accompanied by HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an subsidiary sign of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by the illusion of the coating inroad of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the element detected a slight indentation. When you click on an item from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish pallid mass.
The mob of emerged nodules may be different: distinct most located on the impudence, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the integument and grouped into small pockets. In the containerize of the virus into the cadaver owing to voluptuous contact molluscum contagiosum often localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to merge, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with inconsiderate edges - the ostensible "goliath clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the simultaneous emergence of modish elements in the previously simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Lichen Planus - a lasting disease of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the hide monomorphic rash. The rash is a flat papules of various sizes that have to amalgamate into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is single of the most common long-standing diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not only the outside, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories with regard to the origin of the disability: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the edgy arrangement) and others.
In psoriatic skin revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis sharp, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the setigerous mitoses found in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the riotous infiltrate.
The advancement of the disease is characterized alongside a variety of start: the disability can start wellnigh unnoticed through the unswerving with the arrival of multiple papules and may manifest sudden spread of the fell to the casual observer scars. The infection is caused not later than the seasons: thus, the most ordinary "winter" sort with exacerbations during the cold available, at least - "summer". Also, now there is a clashing breed of exacerbation which mount at any time of year.
There are several forms of the blight: psoriasis peasant exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - coat lesions of an inflammatory simplicity, resulting from physical impact on it. There are simple and allergic graze lesions.
The manifestation of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable influence (superior or dirty temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, shedding, unconscious emphasis, charged up to date, etc.). The provocative development develops in the film at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its hardness depends on the intensity and uncovering leisure stimulus, as well as the properties of the skin and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you sway congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere appear occurs immediately after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of skin, a clinical artwork that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic compensation of delayed type to the stimulus. Allergens are on the whole chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are put forward in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic form of the sickness is as follows: the peel reddens without the establishment of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with clear or overcast purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark particulars that the start with affects the shell, not not on the effects of stimulus locale, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards pattern, the effects of an allergic compensation to on one's uppers calibre ink can spread on the face, neck and even chest. Subjective feelings of the unaggressive is most time again characterized by way of a distinct itching.
Itching - a requisite in which the phenomenon of great importance are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the sense that causes the need to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this suspicion of distress, but in modified profile, which occurs when a chicken stimulation of cutaneous fortitude endings important for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars take identified in defenceless skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the shell;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a variety of pathological lesions of the anxious system, digestive pattern, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a number of skin diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain husk diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly wilful, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized nearby paroxysmal, his seizures usually crop up in the evening and night time. Is intolerable rune, so much a sick graze brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Distinguish the following subtypes of generalized itching: archaic, high-altitude, solar (mild). An old gink appears in the hoary (as surplus 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people increase to a summit of past 7000 m above perplexed level, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is due to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized at near little, it regularly occurs in the anus, outward genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived redness in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that surface in menopause. Continued fact of itching can main to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized integument ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod affray potency, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting overlay disease of rabid nature, which is characterized by the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the crystallization of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a disobeying of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. Rambling is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can induce unfruitful nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as well as functional disorders of the inside worked up system, autonomic scheme, disorders of the endocrine kind (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The sheer role in the happening of this infirmity are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The most important cue is the advent of diffuse neurodermatitis papules enfeebled pink, subjectively characterized beside itching. Papules care for to blend into unceasing lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the fleece cross someone's mind on the reputation, endorse and thorax ' on the pellicle appear pink erythema, with no clear boundaries and characterized near rickety desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in non-fluctuating areas of the coating, itchy and very sparkling about a tough dish, looks like polished. Because scratching can ally pyococcus infection. The fleece becomes dry, universal gray.
The assiduous observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep upset, hankering harm, hypotension, Trombidiose, soft spot, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The untiring becomes prickly, blubbering, peradventure lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized near a prolonged course with a germane of infection subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the progression of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable course of the murrain, unbefitting treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the excoriate, the most normal localization - rear and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited description are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost feature of which is lichenification of the decorticate;
Abject - that zone of the pellicle, which appear bright papular rash of small rate;
inessential, characterized at near hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized sooner than enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of draining of sebaceous glands are most of the time caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most often this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this plague are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration in all directions from flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused through obstruction of the voting for sebaceous escape that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea skin, where there are the greatest copy of sebaceous glands - the audacity, scalp, box and back. There are three forms of it: a chummy (thick and runny), and wearying blended.
If there is a full oily seal and reduced elasticity of the skin, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo crowd senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands give off a chock-full mass of tallow. The hair in this sort of the infirmity transform into uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The molten comprise is characterized near fatty losneniem pelt pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The locks of the head look like oiled, are glued to distinct strands, they detected a large numeral of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications cast folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Prosaic seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of fat, abounding in appearance on the scalp and hair, horny scales. The scales arise, as a command, or the whole superintendent, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are easily separated and dwindle to the clothes. Hair's breadth becomes dreary and brittle. In this ilk of disease on the lamina arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of scads small scales - seboreidy.
The boring look of the disease is accompanied by subjective sensations: patients carp at of a ambiance of tightening of the veneer, tingling, uniquely growing after washing with cold water. Mixed seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fruitful in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and tedious outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of fat was observed but in the frontal and parietal regions.
